DSpace Community: Psychology

Exposure and connectedness to natural environments: An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Exposure and connectedness to natural environments: An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups Authors: Swami, V.; Whitec, M. P.; Voracekc, M.; Tranc, U. S.; Aavikd, T.; Ranjbare, H. A.; Adebayo, S. O.; Afhamig, R.; Oli, A. h,; Aimei, A.; Olapegba, P. O. Abstract: Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N =56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negli-gible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.

Psychosocial analysis of fear of corrupt practices among university students: a case study of Olabisi Onabanjo University

2007-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Psychosocial analysis of fear of corrupt practices among university students: a case study of Olabisi Onabanjo University Authors: Ojo, S.; Sodeinde, O. O.; Okhakhume, A.S. Abstract: The study investigated psycho-social analysis of fear of corrupt practices among students of Olabisi Onabanjo University. The study was a cross-sectional research which specifically adopted Ex-post facto design. Questionnaire format was utilized for data collection. The questionnaire included the Big-five personality inventory, fear of corrupt practices and personal data scales. Four (4) hypotheses were stated and tested using multiple regression analysis. The result showed that personality characteristics of extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness significantly and co-jointly predicted fear of corrupt practices {F(5,244) =4.48, P<.05,R2 =.08}. However, only personality traits of extroversion [a=-.17, t = 2.42, P<.05J and openness to experience [a=.23, t = 3.04, P<.05] had significant independent influence on fear of corrupt practices respectively. The results showed also that males and females were not significant different on fear of corrupt practices [t = -1.69, df= 248, P>.05J; student within the age group 18 - 30 years reported more fear of corrupt practices than students with the age group 31-45 years. The results showed further that students who had prior criminal victimization experience reported more fear of corrupt practices than student who had no prior criminal victimization [t = 2.94, df = 248, P<.01J; ordinary students were not significantly different on fear of corrupt practices, [t = -.056, df = 248, P>.05], Female and male who were political office holder were not significantly different on fear of corrupt practices [t = -1.15, df= 91, P>.05J. The study was concluded by establishing that some personality characteristic, specifically extraversion and openness to experience were found to have significant independent influence on fear of corrupt practices. Similarly, all the considered personality characteristics had significant co-joint influence on fear of corrupt practices. Age and prior victimization experience were found also to significantly influence fear of corrupt practices

Attitudes of subordinates toward women in leadership position

2008-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Attitudes of subordinates toward women in leadership position Authors: Okhakhume, A.S. Abstract: The study investigated how women in leadership position are perceived accepted and evaluated by their subordinates. In an attempt to elicit subjects' response, the subordinates attitude questionnaire scale was constructed and was administered to 222 workers consisting of 111 males and 111 females drawn from University of Ibadan, Oyo State Secretariat, Nigerian Bottling Company, National Bank of Nigeria, First Banks Nigeria, Chartered Bank, and Cooperative Bank. The t-test of independent sample was used to analyse the research data. The findings revealed that: (a) Male subordinates have negative attitude toward women leader; (b) Subordinates with higher educational qualification have positive attitude towards women leaders; (c) Young subordinates have negative attitudes toward women in leadership position; (d) Christian subordinates have positive attitude toward women in leadership positions than their Moslem counterparts

Socio-demographic predictors of perceived burden of care among care givers of non-mentally and mentally retarded students in Ibadan, Nigeria

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Socio-demographic predictors of perceived burden of care among care givers of non-mentally and mentally retarded students in Ibadan, Nigeria Authors: Olaseni, A. O.; Okhakhume, A. S. Abstract: The care of mentally retarded children is often stressful experiences for family members, as the child grows up and disability becomes quite noticeable by others, parents face a very distressing predicament of social embarrassment and stigma, they require more attention and time while at the same time the need for special equipment, and medical care increases; implicating financial income and capability of the care providers. The aftermath effect on the care provider(s) most often is restrictive and disruptive to economic, social or emotional deficiency. The study examines the influence of socio-demographic variables on care burden of care providers of non-mentally and mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. The study adopted cross sectional research design across types of job, social support, religion, ethnicity and age. A total number of 100 care providers participated in the study (50 care providers of non-mentally retarded students & 50 care providers of the mentally retarded students). The instruments that were used was Care Givers Burden Scale developed by Zarit et al (1980). The result of the study revealed that demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, education level, job type, religion and ethnicity) do not jointly predict burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=1.722;p>.05], but revealed that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=2.39;p<.05], and finally revealed that social support had significant influence on burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis [t(98)= 11.13; P<.05]. The study therefore concludes that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students not mentally retarded students. While social support was found to significantly influence burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis